CJNG is estimated to be worth more than £10 billion and has tens of thousands of members. Since its formation in 2009, it has committed a series of murders, massacres, and kidnappings of politicians.

However, some cartel actors maintain some popularity within local communities in Mexico because they fund local infrastructure and facilities.

“The CJNG’s response is, in a sense, required by the rules of the game. When a leader is arrested, you have to respond. If you don’t, you look weak,” Dr. Escauriazza said.

“They’re not stupid. They know that social media is going to film and amplify these videos for them, and they’re making that reaction visible nationally.”

The U.S. government advised Americans in the state of Jalisco to shelter in place until further notice, while fellow World Cup co-host Canada canceled flights to Puerto Vallarta airport, and flight-tracking apps showed many planes returning to their origins around the world.

“In terms of tourists, there will be a moderate risk,” said Karina Garcia-Reyes, senior lecturer in criminology at UWE Bristol University.

“As long as there are no further military operations this week, we hope that authorities in the most affected areas will be able to address the potential risks, and overall we expect that tourists will be safe as long as they follow the instructions of the authorities.”